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-ing分词作定语的时间所指

来源:www.fytlaw.com 2024-08-15

章振邦新编高级英语语法2012年版,603页有如此一句话,The man preparing documents is my former schoolmate.他觉得可以解析为,The man who prepared documents is my former schoolmate.,但按我以往的认知,没方法解析成prepared。请问是否,目前语法规则放宽了?(由于我发现章振邦在649页就明确表示that可以用于非限制性定语从句)

The man preparing documents is my former schoolmate.

1 The man who prepared documents is my former schoolmate.

2 The man who prepares documents is my former schoolmate.

非谓语动词本身没“时”,也就是说没绝对的时间定义,而是参照谓语动词的“时”的相对时间定义。所以大家常说,目前分词表示和谓语动词同时的时间定义,不定式表示后于谓语动词时间的时间定义,过去分词表示先于谓语时间的时间定义。因此,下述句子中,

The man preparing documents is my former schoolmate.

作定语的目前分词preparing的时间应该是和谓语动词is的时间是同时的,即表示目前的时间意义,即等于句2 the man who prepares documents. 而句1 The man who prepared documents 对应的分词作定语的句子的谓语应该是一般过去时was, 即:

The man preparing documents was my former schoolmate.

= The man who prepared documents was my former schoolmate.

但在现实语言中,确实有人在说The man preparing documents is my former schoolmate.这个句子的时候,他们其实是表示 The man who prepared documents is my former schoolmate.这个意思。

为何会出现这样的情况呢?

其缘由可能是说话人在讲述过去事件的时候,用目前分词作定语,本来是表示当时的习惯或事件,然而潜意识里他了解这个人目前还活着,于是谓语动词不自觉地就用了is。

需要说明的是,这样的情况总体而言是比较少见的。作为英语学习者,这种句子见了可以逻辑即可,不要模仿这种句子。为了防止歧义,必要的时候可以使用定语从句替代目前分词作定语。

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